Cells are made by British scientist Robert Hook (Robert) Hooke, 1635 ~ 1703) was discovered in 1665. At that time, he used a self-made optical microscope to observe the thin section of the cork. After zooming in, he found a small space of one grid, which was named after the English cell. The meaning of the English word itself has a small room and a grid. , so it is not a vocabulary. The cells observed in this way have already died, and only the remaining plant cell walls can be seen. Although he does not really see a unit of life (because there is no sign of life), later scientists still think that it is indispensable, in general, it will still He was the first person to discover cells. In fact, the first to discover live cells is the Dutch biologist Ravenhawk (Leven Hook).
In 1809, the French naturalist (the general term for biology, life sciences, etc., which was called the late 20th century) Lamarck (Jean) -Baptiste de Lamarck, 1744-1829 states: “All organisms are made up of cells, and the cells contain some liquids that flow.” There is no specific observation to support this claim.
In 1824, the French botanist Du Torre (Henri Dutrochet, 1776~1847) proposed in the paper that "cells are indeed the basic structure of organisms" and because plant cells have more cell walls than animal cells, it is easier to observe when the observation technique is not mature, so this statement First accepted by plant scholars.
In the mid-19th century, the German zoologist Schwann Schwann, 1810~1882) further found that there are nuclei in animal cells, there are liquid substances around the nucleus, and there is a membrane in the outer ring, but there is no cell wall. He believes that the main part of the cell is the nucleus rather than the cell wall of the outer ring.
After 1830, with the development of industrial production, microscope production overcomes the shortcomings of lens blur and chromatic aberration, and the resolution is increased to 1 micron. It has also begun to spread gradually. The improved microscope, cells and their contents were observed more clearly. In 1839, the German botanist Schleiden (Matthias) Schleiden, 1804~1881) concluded from the observation of a large number of plants that all plants are composed of cells. At the same time, the German zoologist Schwann has done a lot of research on animal cells. At that time, due to the influence of Hook, the observation of the cells focused on the cell wall rather than the contents of the cells, so the understanding of the cell-free animal cells was much later than that of the plant cells. Schwann has conducted extensive research, the first of which describes the similarities between animal cells and plant cells. [2]
In the decade after Schwann and Schleiden in Germany, scientists have discovered new evidence that cells are all from the original cell division. However, the cytology of the early 21st century can be roughly described as the following three points: the cell is the structural unit of all living things, the cell is the physiological unit of all living things, and the cell is divided by the original living cell.
The word "cell" first appeared in the 1834 book "Study Qiyuan" by the Japanese scientist Yu Tianchuan.
Chinese natural scientist Li Shanlan used "cell" as his Chinese translation in his book "Botany" in 1858. . Some scholars believe that Li Shanlan has not been in contact with "Study Qiyuan" at this time, so he was invented alone.
